2. 2021

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http://10.150.1.119/handle/123456789/2613

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    Effect of system automation on Customs performance at the Port of Mombasa in Kenya
    (KESRA/JKUAT - Unpublished research project, 2021) Nganda, Esther Lunde; Mumia Benn. MINCU, CPA.K
    System automation is usually applied to improve customs performance. System automation plays a significant role in simplifying and harmonizing border and administrative procedures. It leads to enhanced efficiency and effectiveness in the customs system. The poor customs performance at the port of Mombasa can be attributed to lengthy procedures of customs clearance, rapid growth of container trade, frequent KRA and KPA IT system breakdown, a gate out process that is slow and slow container off-take, inadequate capacity of yards and involvement of multiple sectors in the clearance process. The study established the effects of system automation on customs performance at the port of Mombasa in Kenya. The study particularly examined the effect of automation of cargo documentation, automation of customs release process and automation of payment system on customs performance. This study was founded on the unified theory of technical acceptance and use of technology, rational expectations theory of technology adoption and technological determinism theory. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The study’s target population constituted customs officers, KPA officers, shipping agents, and cargo owners who were 124 in total. The sample size consisted of 95 respondents who were selected through stratified sampling. A pilot test was done before embarking on actual data collection activity. Content validity of research questionnaire was achieved through consultations with the supervisor. Cronbach‘s alpha coefficient was used to assess reliability of the research questionnaire. Self-administered semi-structured questionnaires were employed in data collection. Frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations were the descriptive statistical tools of analysis. Inferential analysis involved correlation and multiple regression analysis. Findings of the study were presented using tables. The study found out that that improving automation of cargo documentation leads to improved customs performance (β1 = 0.276; p < 0.05). It was determined that enhancing automation of customs verification leads to enhancement of customs performance (β2 = 0.313; p < 0.05). It was also noted that improving automation of payment system leads to improved customs performance (β3 = 0.382; p < 0.05). It was also concluded that improving system automation will lead to improved customs performance at the port of Mombasa in Kenya. It was recommended that KRA and other stakeholders at the port of Mombasa in Kenya such as KPA should improve system automation in order to enhance customs performance at the port of Mombasa in Kenya.
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    The effect of Non-Tariff Barriers on Trade in the East Africa Community
    (KESRA/JKUAT - Unpublished research project, 2021) Kijogi, Mercy Muthoni
    This study aim to investigate the effect of ―non-tariff barriers on trade in East African Community. The study was guided by the following specific objectives:- to find out the effect of Documentation Procedures on trade in the East African Community, to investigate the effect of administrative and customs controls on trade in the East African Community and to determine the effect of verification of transit cargo on trade in the East African Community.The study employed descriptive research design. The study sample size was 30. This study used primary data collected through questionnaires. A pre-test on a different sample conducted to give a Cronbach’s alpha greater than 0.7 for all the variables as a rule of thumb. Data analysis was used by use of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using Standard statistical techniques including Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis employed in the analysis. All the analysis were conducted using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS Version.24). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to establish if there is a statistical significance between the observed and expected values with the Pearson Chi square giving the degree significance of the relations, hence establishing the hypotheses. In multivariate analysis, multiple regression analysis models was used to determine the type of the relationship that existed between independent and dependent variables. The finding indicated that there was a positive correlation between EAC trade and documentation and procedures system as depicted by a correlation value of 0.426. This means that there was a strong relationship between EAC trade and documentation and procedures. The study also depicted that there was a positive correlation between administrative and customs controls and EAC trade with verification of transit cargo and EAC trade. This shows that there was a positive correlation between independent and dependent variables. The study therefore concludes that various Kenyan ministries, departments and parastatals were the institutional barriers to trade, and that KRA was responsible for the enforcement and management of the customs laws and the administration of common external tariffs. The study recommends that all stakeholders in the export business be consulted and the relationship be enhanced by involving the trading community at the drafting stage of customs laws, regulations and trading procedure.