1.2021

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http://10.150.1.119/handle/123456789/2607

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Browsing 1.2021 by Subject "Coordinated Border Management"

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    Coordinated Border Management and trade facilitation at Namanga Border Post, Kenya
    (Kenya School of Revenue Administration_Moi University, 2021) Moraa, Ondari Catherine
    Trade facilitation at the Namanga border post is currently facing a number of challenges that result in delays of the clearance of goods across the Kenya-Tanzania border. The situation often encourages increased smuggling of goods as traders try to use shortcuts to avoid government agencies’ bureaucracies that always cause losses to several businesses due to delayed movement of commodities across the border. All these challenges are associated with disjointed coordination of trading by different agencies involved. The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of coordinated border management on trade facilitation in Kenya, focusing on Namanga one-stop border point. Specific objectives of the study included: to establish the effect of cooperation among border agencies, coordination between border agencies, border collaboration challenges between border agencies, coexistence among border agencies, and the effect of communication among border agencies on trade facilitation at the Namanga border point. New Trade Theory and Export Base Theory were used in the study. The study adopted causal research design and a target population of 140 staff of border control agencies at Namanga Border Point. Census was used to include all of them in the study where primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive (frequencies & percentages) and inferential (multiple linear regression) data analysis methods. The study’s key findings indicated that a unit increase in cooperation among border agencies would lead to a 0.153 increase in Trade facilitation at Namanga Border Post (β1=0.153, p=0.008<0.05); a unit increase in for Coordination of border agencies would lead to a 0.246 increase in Trade facilitation at Namanga Border Post (β2=0.246, p=0.014<0.05); a unit increase in Collaboration between border agencies would lead to a 0.123 increase in Trade facilitation at Namanga Border Post (β3=0.123, p=0.03<0.05); a unit increase in Coexistence among border agencies would lead to a 0.232 increase in Trade facilitation at Namanga Border Post (β4=0.232, p=0.001<0.05); a unit increase in cooperation among border agencies would lead to a 0.331 increase in Trade facilitation at Namanga Border Post β5=0.331, p=0.000<0.05). The study concluded that coordinated border management has a significant effect on trade facilitation at Namanga border post. The study recommended that there is need for the government and other key stakeholders to adopt international standards and tools of trade, such as SAFE Framework of Standards and performance of Time Release Study (TRS), that will help the identify bottlenecks and the border and address them efficiently. The study suggested that a comparative study should be carried out on the effect of coordinated border management on trade facilitation in at least two border points. A study should also be conducted on how the government is addressing challenges of coordinated border management to improve trade facilitation.
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    Effect of Coordination of Border Management Practices on Cargo Clearance Efficiency in Kenya; A Case of Key Border Stations in Kenya
    (Kenya School of Revenue Administration_Moi University, 2021) Nganga, Edith Mutindi
    Though the standard World Custom Organization clearance time is 3 days, the current clearance time in Kenya is 2 weeks or more which heightens the need for coordinated border management. Implementing coordinated border management strategies can reduce internal costs and inefficiencies, improve security, and increase their ability to facilitate trade and generate revenue at the border. However, despite the recognition of the importance of coordinated border management, the available studies are not conclusive on its effect on cargo clearance. The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of coordinated border management on cargo clearance in Kenya, a case of key border stations in Kenya. The specific objectives were to: establish the effect of coordinated flow of information between agencies, coordinated verification of goods and customs electronic procedures on cargo clearance at key border stations in Kenya. The study was anchored on three theories namely Theory of Constraints, Institutional Theory and System Theory. An explanatory research design was followed by the study targeting 445 employees and officials at four border stations in Kenya namely inland container depot in Nairobi and nonstop border posts at Namanga, Busia and Malaba. A sample size of 206 respondents was arrived at using Fischer formula. The study used primary data which was collected from the respondents using structured questionnaire and data analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Statistical Package for Social Sciences computer software aided in the data analysis. Tables and graphs were used for presentation of findings. The study found out that Coordinated Flow of Information (r=0.118), Coordinated Verification of Goods (r=0.142) and Customs Electronic Procedures (r=0.287) have a positive effect on the cargo clearance at the border stations. The results of the regression analysis also showed that the CBM practices studied explain 53.1% of the variations in cargo clearance at the border stations (R2=0.531). From the hypothesis testing, Coordinated Flow of Information had a p value of 0.006, Coordinated Verification of Goods had a p value of 0.026 while Customs Electronic Procedures had a p value of 0.032 which shows that all the variables had a significant effect on cargo clearance (p<0.05). The study thus concludes that these CBM practices can severely enhance, hamper or interfere with the cargo clearing process at the border stations. The study recommends process reengineering at the border posts which will allow customs to streamline procedures, and as a result perform tactical and operational activities in a harmonized fashion. The study also recommends relevant policymakers and government agencies from partner states should work together to implement a more cost-effective CBM practices. The study further recommends that C&BC department of KRA should effectively integrate cargo clearance functions with ICT based systems through application of electronic cargo clearance methods.
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    Effect of Customs Modernization Initiatives on Customs Performance at Key one Stop Border Posts in Kenya
    (Kenya School of Revenue Administration_Moi University, 2021) Oyieke, King
    In light of modernization initiatives that have been implemented by the Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA), the current study sought to find out the effect of these initiatives on customs performance at key One-Stop Border Posts (OSBP’s) i.e. Malaba, Busia, Namanga and Lunga Lunga. Specifically, the study looked at how Customs Modernization initiatives such as Co-ordinated Border Management, System Automation, and Human Resource Development have affected customs performance at the border posts. The study was guided by the Technology Acceptance Theory and the Resource Based View Theory. The study adopted a descriptive survey design with primary data being used in the analysis. Primary data was collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire targeting customs officers and clearing agents who formed the target population of the study. The key OSBP’s formed the sampling frame of the study from where a sample of the clearing agents and customs officers, was drawn for purposes of administering the questionnaire. The population was 163 customs officers and clearing agents, while the sample size was 116. A pilot study was conducted in Malaba OSBP to test the reliability of the research instruments that were used for the study. A Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of 0.7 was used as the threshold for accepting the reliability of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was found to be reliable with a Cronbach alpha score of 0.869. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS. Multivariate Regression Analysis was carried out to specify the estimation model and determine the type of relationship that exists between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The study findings indicated that systems automation (β2 = 0.358, p = 0.000<0.05); and human resource development (β3= 0.179, p =0.022<0.05) had a positive and significant effect on customs performance. However, coordinated border management did not have a significant effect on customs performance (β1 = 0.051, p =0.579>0.05), and as such, the null hypothesis was not rejected. To test the overall statistical significance of the model, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. The ANOVA results showed that the model was statistically significant. This was supported by a reported p-value less than the predetermined alpha value (p=0.000<0.05) and an F Statistic which was greater than the F Critical value (F = 17.36>2.71) at (3, 84) degrees of freedom. The results confirmed that Systems automation and Human Resource Development were statistically significant in explaining customs performance at the OSBP’s. The R2 of the regression model was established to be 0.383 (R2 = 0.389). The study concluded that systems automation and human resource development contribute significantly to customs performance. Based on the findings, the study recommended that KRA should explore the technology field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as there are many potential benefits associated with this area of systems automation. The study also recommended the establishment of a reward and motivation system to boost the morale of customs staff as well as enhancing the staff establishment at the border posts, as part of further strengthening human resource development at the border posts and enhancing service delivery