5. 2018

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Browsing 5. 2018 by Subject "Container Dwell Time"

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    Factors affecting container dwell time at the port of Mombasa
    (KESRA/JKUAT - Unpublished research project, 01-10-18) Iroto, Irine
    The Port of Mombasa is the gateway and exit point for cargo belonging to a vast hinterland of Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, South Sudan, Somalia and Ethiopia. Therefore, the performance of the port of Mombasa is critical to facilitation of trade within this region and also as a node linking it to international trade. There are a number of indicator of port performance and efficiency and this focused on one such indicator of dwell time, in particular container dwell time. In studying factors affecting container dwell at the port of Mombasa, the study covered such factors as port clearance procedure, port container handling machinery and port terminal operations with the aim of unearthing their influence and recommending actions that will fundamentally contribute to improved port service delivery to all port users. The study targeted a population of 300 people drawn from Kenya Ports Authority (KPA), Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA), Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM), Kenya International Freight and Warehousing Association (KIFWA), Shippers Council of Eastern Africa (SCEA) and transporters (roads) servicing the Northern Corridor Region. A sample size of 20% was chosen for the study that took four weeks with questionnaires being used as the main data collection instrument and the researcher administered questionnaires to 60 sampled respondents where only 49 filled and returned giving a response rate of 81.67%. The data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics where the findings were presented in tables and figures. From the research findings, the study concluded all the independent variables studied (port clearance procedure, port container handling machinery and port terminal operations) have significant effect on container dwell time as was indicated by a very high coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.768 (76.8%) and an overall p-value of 0.002 thus indicated the relevance of the studied variables, significant at the calculated 95% level of significance. Stepwise in view of the research findings, the study can conclude from the multiple regression analysis that all factors affected positively the container dwell time at the port of Mombasa with port clearance procedures being the highest influence with factor value of 0.934 with all other factors held at zero. The study recommended that concerning the port clearance procedure there is need to maintain a better port information system through strengthening the Integrated Customs Management System (ICMS) by having all processes of KPA and KRA agencies handled within a single platform. Further recommended is that in improving the port container handling machinery there be need by KPA for adoption of the most modern technologies and machinery in the market. Finally there should be ensured seamless port terminal operations through enforcement of the rule of ships not to be allowed to berth before the submission of manifest. And since it was found that only 76.8% of results were explained by the independent variables in the study, the study therefore recommended the need to carry out studies on other possible factors on container dwell time that will target private sector and other government agencies that have a direct influence on container delivery from/to the port of Mombasa through the Northern Corridor. These researches will involve studies on how the introduction and implementation of the Single Custom Territory is impacting on container dwell time at the port of Mombasa and pre-arrival clearance of goods and its impact on port terminal operation in terms of planning and container handling as related to container dwell time at the port of Mombasa.
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    Factors Influencing Container Dwell Time in Kenya: A Case of Inland Container Depot Embakasi, Nairobi
    (KESRA/JKUAT - Unpublished research project, 2018) Nyabuto, Achuka Denis
    Congestion has become a major problem at Inland Container Depot (ICD) Nairobi since the government issued a directive that 40 per cent of cargo handled at the port of Mombasa be transported by the standard gauge railway (SGR) to ICD Nairobi for clearance and discharge, and this led to high container dwell time at the ICD Nairobi. Containers overstay at the ICD for more than two weeks. The delay in clearing containers at the ICD is made worse by poor infrastructural facilities, long customs clearance procedures and inadequate cargo handling equipment. The objective of this study was to determine factors influencing container dwell time in Kenya with the case of Inland Container Depot Embakasi, Nairobi. The study was guided by three specific objectives which include: To determine the effect of port infrastructure on the container dwell time in Kenya; to find out the effects of customs clearance procedures on the container dwell time in Kenya; to examine the effect of cargo handling equipment on container dwell time in Kenya. This study was based on four theories: queuing theory, modern theory, theory of constraints and transactional economic theory. The research evaluated the factors influencing container dwell time and identified both the problem areas, potential corrective actions and the impact of the dwell time on trade facilitation. It also examined and addressed the factors that present the most immediate obstacles which leads to high container dwell time at ICD Nairobi. The target population of the study was 1150 people which included Kenya Revenue Authority, Kenya Port Authority, shipping lines and clearing and forwarding agents. Questionnaire was the major instrument to obtain primary data from the respondents while the secondary data was obtained from existing empirical literature relevant to the study. The study employed an exploratory approach using a descriptive survey design. The questionnaire was designed using Likert scale type. A sample of 112 respondents was obtained through a stratified sampling technique. Quantitative data was analyzed using inferential and descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and percentages were used in this study. In relation to inferential statistics, the study used correlation analysis to establish the relationship between the independent and the dependent variables. The findings revealed 86.7% of the respondents believe that by improving the port infrastructures at the ICD Nairobi will minimize the congestion problems. Findings from the survey also revealed that 83.3% of the respondents agree that the clearance procedures pose substantial delays in custom clearance procedures. The findings further revealed 88.7% of the respondents believe that by modernizing cargo handling equipment at the ICD Nairobi will improve the management of trucks unloading and loading of goods. The study recommended that ICD Nairobi management should continuously invest in modern equipment to supplement the current ones in order to continuously enhance productivity of port operations. The study also recommends that the government has to expand to dual carriages both the eastern and northern bypasses which are critical for ICD operations. More efforts have to be put in creating more space in the dry ports. This study further recommends that more efforts have to be put in creating more space in the dry ports. In addition the government should speed up the construction of Naivasha dry port to ease congestion at ICD Nairobi